Jab ek company doosre country ki company ko acquire ya merge karti hai, to sirf price negotiate karna kaafi nahi. Cross-border M&A me corporate law, forex rules, tax, competition law, sectoral caps – sab ek saath play me aa jate hain.
Regulatory approvals typically include:
- Competition regulator se nod (taaki market monopoly na ban jaye),
- Sector regulator (banking, telecom, insurance jaisi industries),
- Central bank/forex authority for inflow/outflow, share swaps, etc.,
- Home and host country corporate filings.
Due diligence cross-border deals me extra sensitive hota hai – local labour laws, environmental liabilities, pending litigation, IP ownership, compliance culture. War, sanctions, political instability jaise risks bhi factor hote hain.
Structure design – asset sale vs share sale, merger vs JV, cash vs stock consideration – tax and liability standpoint se carefully plan hota hai. Ek hi deal, do–teen jurisdiction ke lawyers coordinated tareeke se handle karte hain.
Acquirer ke liye cultural integration bhi equally tough problem hai; legal closing ke baad logon ko ek team banana hi biggest test hota hai.
